Clinical nutrition Free Essay Example, 2000 words

In the US, for instance, alcoholism has been largely associated with nutritional deficiencies affecting mental functioning. Diseases have also been found to result in nutritional deficiencies by compromising nutrient absorption into the body, as well as increasing the body requirement for nutrients (Osborn, 2001). On the other hand, ignorance, poverty and fad diets are among other factors that lead to nutritional deficiencies. According to the study by Berk and Jacka (2012), at least three quarters of the psychiatric disorders in human lifetime are seen at adolescence and during early adulthood. The report from the National National Comorbidity Survey Replication produced recently indicate that at least 22 percent of the adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 years had had an experience of clinically significant mental disorder, with the onset ages thought to be 6 years for anxiety disorders, and 13 years for the mood disorders (Petry, Barry, Pietrzak and Wagner, 2008). Depression is understood to be typically based on biochemical activities or having emotional roots. However, nutrition has an important role in depression onset together with the duration and severity of the condition. We will write a custom essay sample on Clinical nutrition or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Most of the food patterns that are easily noticeable, which precede depression are similar to those seen during depression (Parker, Parker and Brotchie, 2006). Such characteristics include skipping meals, poor appetite, together with a constant desire for sweet foods. Among the most common mental problems with high prevalence in many countries is schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, as well as the obsessive-compulsive disorder. The intake pattern of the diet in American and Asian countries demonstrate that there are high deficiencies in many nutrients, particularly the minerals, essential vitamins, and the omega-3 fatty acids. The notable features of diets among patients with mental disorders are the deficiency severity in the nutrients. Anstey, Lipnicki and Low (2008) indicate that daily vital nutrient supplements are effective in reduction of mental disorder symptoms. Supplements rich in amino acids have been identified as being important in reduction of the symptoms, since they are converted into neurotransmitters that eventually alleviate depression together with other problems of mental health (Scarborough et al, 2011). Recent scientific studies have resulted in the invention and development of the effective therapeutic intervention constituted by nutritional supplements, which are thought to be important in prevention and control of bipolar disorders, depression, eating disorders, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/ attention deficit disorder, anxiety, addiction, and autism (Maes, Leunis and Berk, 2012).

The Importance Of A Comfort Zone As A Resident Assistant...

Introduction A comfort zone is a relaxing â€Å"safe space† in which people are familiar with because it causes no anxiety or stress. In life, each of us will be in uncomfortable situations that are outside of our comfort zone. However, we have to be become accustomed in environments that are normally perceived as uncomfortable to experience what others may have to deal with on a daily basis. Additionally, this applies to social workers. We may deal with clients or different situations that are out of our comfort zone. However, we must overcome it to be more aware, as well as completing the job to the best of our abilities. For instance, a strongly devoted Baptist African-American male may be uncomfortable attending a LGBT Pride parade due to his beliefs. Nonetheless, this experience may change his perspective on individuals from the LGBT community and cause him to not be as biased or judgmental. This paper will entail my personal experience of being outside of my comfort zone as a Residen t Assistant for the University of Texas at Arlington. As a Resident Assistant, my job is to create a fun, on-campus living experience for residents in a co-ed residence hall while hosting academic, life engaging, social, and/or inclusive programs for them to attend. Nevertheless, I am the residents’ connection to resources on-campus, such as the Counseling and Psychological Services (CAPS), Health Services, Career Center, the Leadership Center, and many other resources on-campus. This job is aShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Political Attitudes Advocated in 1984 Free Essays

Political Attitudes Advocated in 1984 (AP PROMPT) 1987-Some novels and plays seem to advocate changes in social or political attitudes or in traditions. Choose such a novel or play and note briefly the particular attitudes or traditions that the author apparently wishes to modify. Then analyze the techniques the author uses to influence the reader’s or audience’s views. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Attitudes Advocated in 1984 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Avoid plot summary. Do not write about a film or television program. The world sixty years ago as seen by George Orwell was a different place than the one we live in and experience today. Technology was quickly developing and become a part of daily life. Atomic warfare was still a new threat, and the aftershock of its use in World War II was still raw in everyone’s minds. Totalitarianism was seen as a social experiment of sorts, and not having yet experienced the Cold War, some of America’s great minds were still looking at these governments with an open mind. Orwell thought that society needed to be forewarned about both the possible and real dangers of these issues, so his manifesto, 1984, was his call for social change, his call to respect the dangers that technology, war, and totalitarianism introduced. In 1984, George Orwell goes along the same lines as many other influential contemporary authors such as Kurt Vonnegut and Margaret Atwood to create a perfect negative utopia. In this fictional society, Oceania, the government hands out cruelty, oppression, and propaganda as is they were food stamps, and every single aspect of the society, down to diary entries, private conversations, and even personal thoughts, is monitored by the Party through intrusive devices called telescreens. The Party uses everything at its disposal to enforce complete and utter control, from an editing of language to constant surveillance, from historical factual manipulation to physical and psychological torture. As a result of the government’s inadequate ruling and constant manipulation, the members of the Party live in an urban, industrial hell. Orwell vividly and continuously demonstrates the effects of this broken society, and the picture he paints isn’t a pleasant one: Oceania is constantly at war, Party members must completely succumb to mindlessness and conformity to survive, the society is living in a state of decay and poverty, inequality is wide-spread and all consuming, and even the structure and loyalty of families is almost entirely dissolved. The fact that Orwell’s Oceania is modeled after the totalitarian governments of the mid twentieth century is a thinly veiled one, and the critique of these societies is more than obvious. His message, though, isn’t reserved only for these communistic cultures; it’s also directed at us. The moral of the story isn’t just that totalitarian governments, psychological manipulation, and misuse of technology are bad, it’s also that we can’t obliviously sit back and allow such crimes against humanity to continue or even gain power in the first place. Orwell’s warning is effective, too, because he wasn’t just creating a dystopia, he was literally suggesting that this fictional hell could become our reality in thirty-five years if we didn’t change the way we looked at things. We did make it past 1984 without devolving into this reality, but the social commentary presented is still relevant and will always continue to be, because the message really is to keep questioning the world around us and not accept any form of oppression, and that’s one that is important enough to keep in mind for the entire foreseeable future. How to cite Political Attitudes Advocated in 1984, Papers

Analyse The Weakness And Strengths Of The Team Members - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Analyse The Weakness And Strengths Of The Team Members. Answer: Reports: Earlier performance report of every team member to analyse the weakness and strengths of the team members Discussion: The meeting was initiated by General Manager of the company who have introduced the new project to the team members (Schaufelberger Holm, 2017). He analysed the overall performance reports of the team members and mutually took decision over the roles of each and every member of the team. The meeting has ended up with the conclusion that every team member has to develop some of the skills that are required in the project to be successful. Roles and responsibilities: General Manager: team management, conflict resolution, development of objectives, monitoring the performance Sales manager: dealing with the clients, designing the documents Finance manager: financial management, maintaining records Automotive engineer: resolving issues of the clients, risk management Workshop manager: WHS, designing and maintaining the records, maintaining the cars After sales manager: serving the customers (Kerzner, 2013). Skills required: General Manager: communication skills, conflict resolution skills, team management skills, time management skills After sales manager: communication skills, product knowledge, influencing skills Workshop manager: product knowledge, technical skills Sales manager: communication skills, process and product knowledge, market research skills Finance manager: market knowledge, technical skills, budgeting knowledge, time management skills (Wallensteen, 2015). Announcements: Everyone has to develop their own personal development plan and requirements of training. Performance development plan: Skills required to be developed Skills gap percentage Set KPIs Training type required General manager Conflict resolution skills 50% Review of team conflicts Role play Sales manager Communication skills 40% Customer satisfaction score Session Automotive manager Designing skills 60% Review of documents Session workshop manager Documentation skills 70% Review of documents Classroom training After sales manager Influencing skills 60% Customer satisfaction score Mentoring Issues resolution: As far as the issues are concerned, it has been analysed that the common issue of communication gap and improper trainings has been found (Autesserre, 2014). Solution: This issue can be resolved by taking feedbacks from the team members itself to explain about their own requirements of trainings. This will help in taking mutual decisions (Edgar Rahim, 2015). Communication policy and procedure: When a bid proposal is made, it needs to be communicated to the clients so that they can participate in the bid. This requires a process to be followed. Step 1: as initial level, a bid needs to be prepared including all the specifications of the car along with all the condition that needs to be followed by the lessee. Step 2: after preparation, the prospects for the bid needs to be selected to whom the bid proposal is to be sent. Step 3: this is the step that actually requires communication media to be involved. Here the bid proposal sends to be sent to the clients through e mails in this case. Confirmation of the proposal on calls is also required. Step 4: follow up needs to be taken and query should be resolved on calls or in meetings. The interested client show their presence on the day of bid at the venue mentioned. Communication policy: Friendliness along with formal behaviour is necessary for the communication between the company and the client. The proper follow is must for a better communication with the client so that la the queries can be resolved. The communication should be made two way and needs of the clients should also be discussed (Annosi, Magnusson Brunetta, 2016). Project tasks: Development of commercial and legal system that offers projects based on specifications to the clients. Defining the scope of delivery strategically. Calculation of cost and budgeting of the project along with the sales price in cooperation with the sales department. Management of bid proposal timely Supporting the sales person for negotiation at the communication site. Preparation of the supporting document for the clients and for internal reviews of the project. Taking regular feedback of the each and every team members working for the bid proposal project Travel requirements for making the project successful. Minutes of meeting: TEAM meeting for taking the responsibilities: Attendees: General Manager Sales manager Automotive manager Workshop manager After sales manager Agenda of meeting: To delegate the responsibilities to each and every members o the team as per their specifications and requirements. Discussion: This is the meeting that focuses on delegating the roles and responsibilities to the team members as per their specifications. This meeting has ben conducted so that every team members can get the idea that what they have to do to contribute their art in the project success. Delegating the duties helps in clarification of the roles and reduced the chances of team conflicts. Roles and responsibilities: General Manager Managing the overall team Managing the bid proposal Review of the team performances Delegation of duties Travelling where required Automotive manager Supporting in developing the bid proposal Making the specifications of the vehicle in the proposal Resolving the queries regarding the vehicle specifications Sales manager Developing the leads for the bids Negotiating with the clients Workshop manager Supporting the team members in their activities Supporting after sales services After sales manager Dealing with the clients after sales Resolving their issues Finance manager Creating budget in association with the sales team to take decision over the prices and the cost of the overall project Corrective action procedure: This is the procedure that needs to be followed so that any of the corrective actions can be implemented in between the process of the project to make it more successful and efficient. Reviewing the activities: It is the step where all the activities that have been set for the project needs to be reviewed at every level so that any deviation from the set standards can be determined and correction can be made at that time only. Comparison: Comparison from the set standards is required so that the gap can be analysed. Implementation: the contingency plan need to be made so that it can be implemented in order to make the plan Follow up: follow up is also required again at every level so that it can be monitored. (Schippers, Homan Knippenberg, 2013) Corrective action plan: In this case, the corrective action can be implemented only when the team conducts a meeting in which the issues can be discussed. Following is the action plan for the bid proposal: Activity Description Responsibility Meeting All the members of the team needs to show their progress report All the team members Analysis of the reports It is the step where the reports of each of the members is analysed and cross checked General manager Gap findings The issues in the performance is to be found General manager Discussion Discussion amongst the members is done in order to convey the issues All team members Corrective actions Brainstorming is done by all to correct the issues All team members Implementation Implementation of the corrective actions is done All team members Personal contribution plan: This is the plan that describes the role of a general manager and contribution in the overall project management task (Dyer Dyer, 2013). This plan provides the description of all the roles and responsibilities that have been conducted by the general manger in this case. Roles and responsibilities by General Manager: Delegation of duties: It is the first responsibility that has been fulfilled as a general manager. Under this, all the duties and responsibilities are delegated to the specific individuals of the team members as per their requirements and skills (Clegg, Kornberger Pitsis, 2015). Review and monitoring: As a General manger, it is required to review the performance of each of the team members and monitor their activities property so that corrective actions can be taken anytime where the deviation has been observed (Lanaj Hollenbeck, 2015). Supporting the members: It is the basic reasonability of the General manger to support all the team members in performing their duties effectively so that the performance of the overall team can be improved. Proper information flow: This project requires the coordination of the members to perform effectively and thus it is required by the general manger to conduct the meetings timely so that the flow of information can be smooth between the team members (Cottrell, 2015). Conflict resolution It is basic requirement when two or more members work in team. This is because different people have different opinions and thus may lead to conflicts between the team members. The general manager has to show them skills to resolve these issues and to come up with a mutual decision (Wellington, 2015). References: Annosi, M. C., Magnusson, M., Brunetta, F. (2016). Self-organizing coordination and control approaches: the impact of social interaction processes on self-regulated innovation activities in self-managing teams. Autesserre, S. (2014). Introduction to" Peaceland: Conflict Resolution and the Everyday Politics of International Intervention".Peaceland: Conflict Resolution and the Everyday Politics of International Intervention, 1-19. Clegg, S. R., Kornberger, M., Pitsis, T. (2015).Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice. Sage. Cottrell, S. (2015).Skills for success: Personal development and employability. Palgrave Macmillan. Dyer, W. G., Dyer, J. H. (2013).Team building: Proven strategies for improving team performance. John Wiley Sons. Edgar, P., Rahim, S. A. (Eds.). (2015).Communication policy in developed countries(Vol. 4). Routledge. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Lanaj, K., Hollenbeck, J. R. (2015). Leadership over-emergence in self-managing teams: The role of gender and countervailing biases.Academy of Management Journal,58(5), 1476-1494. Schaufelberger, J. E., Holm, L. (2017).Management of construction projects: a constructor's perspective. Taylor Francis. Schippers, M. C., Homan, A. C., Knippenberg, D. (2013). To reflect or not to reflect: Prior team performance as a boundary condition of the effects of reflexivity on learning and final team performance.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(1), 6-23. Wallensteen, P. (2015).Understanding conflict resolution. Sage. Wellington, J. (2015).Educational research: Contemporary issues and practical approaches. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Presidential and Congressional Decision Making

Introduction Democracy gives individuals and institutions the power to make decisions for the public. There is no way the views of all citizens can be addressed in national forums unless they have representatives. Most nations have three powerful arms of government that include the executive, congress and judiciary (Shulman 2006). This essay presents an evaluation of the presidential and congressional decision making processes and addresses their differences, effectiveness and current and future plans to make them work properly.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Presidential and Congressional Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similarities and Differences Characteristics The presidential form of decision making is characterized by various factors that include the following. First, this decision is made by an individual and the views presented to the public are perceived to be from the president. This makes it easy for people to evaluate the attitude, perception and reaction of their presidents towards issues of national importance (Spillane 2014). Therefore, it is necessary to explain that people will perceive their presidents to be good or bad depending on how they make decisions. The source of their decisions is deemed to be their personality or stand on various issues. This means that if a president makes a wrong decision the public will judge him or her and not any other person or body. The congressional decision making process is made by a group of elected and nominated political leaders (Tan 2011). These members may be parliamentarians or senators and both groups have the right of making decisions for the public. No individual is responsible for making decisions because there is the need for most members to be present to pass a resolution (Pomeranz 1998). Therefore, when a bad decision is passed in parliament the public will not blame one person for making it. The responsi bility of blame will be on all the members of parliament that were present or absent during the passing of a bill. The decisions of this house are perceived to be the positions taken by most members of parliament and senators. Secondly, the congress is a representation of various political parties and thus the decision and votes of every member is deemed to be the standpoint of a political party or constituency. There is the need to understand that congress members are elected by their people and others nominated by political parties. Therefore, they represent their constituents or political parties and this means that their decisions must reflect the needs of these two entities (Subhash 2009). The congress constitutes members from different regions and political parties and the decisions made are usually in favor of the needs of a political party or constituents of a member of parliament. It is necessary to explain that sometimes members of parliament may be forced to support decis ions that do not reflect the interests of their constituents or political parties. These situations may lead to reprimands or protests from political parties and the public respectively. A president is a leader of a country and thus the decisions this individual makes must be for the benefit of all citizens irrespective of their political affiliations (Shulman 2006). The president should make decisions that do not reflect political inclinations and instead address the needs of the whole population to ensure the interests of all groups are given reasonable attention.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that presidents must shed off their political inclinations once they assume office and this is reflected in how they make key decisions. Most presidents do not participate in the activities of political parties that propelled them to power to avoid being subjective when making na tional decisions. It is necessary to explain that the decisions made by a president should portray neutrality to enable the public to distinguish between the political and national aspects of the presidency. Moreover, presidents have advisory teams that ensure they do not make decisions that may be misinterpreted by the public and political parties. Presidential advisory teams are important in guiding presidents when making key decisions. These teams are made of professionals from different fields to ensure presidents make informed decisions. Therefore, the decisions made by presidents are usually as a result of long consultation and guidance from advisors that have practical experience, academic and research knowledge on various issues (Tan 2011). The president is in charge of hiring members of these bodies and thus nobody can influence their decisions pony this matter. These teams are responsible for advising presidents, but the final decision lies on the office holder. This means that the teams do not play crucial roles in determining what decisions presidents make during their terms in office. However, they ensure they give proper guidance to presidents and advise them on the best ways to manage issues of national importance. Therefore, presidents have the right of making decisions they deem appropriate in their countries and nobody can stop them from doing this. Congressional decision making is determined by the positions taken by political parties or constituents. Congressmen cannot make their own independent decisions because they are supposed to represent their political parties and constituents (Norburn 2007). This means that even if they have personal preferences and opinions regarding issues of national importance they cannot make decisions that do not tally with what their constituents or political parties expect from them. Therefore, their hands are usually tied to other people who think that they their interests should be properly represented by congressmen. The need for congressmen to consult constituents and political parties before making decisions shows they do not have powers to determine the choices of their actions (Tan 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Presidential and Congressional Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, a presidential decision making is determined by national issues that affect people from different political backgrounds. Presidents are obliged to listen to their citizens, regardless of their political affiliations and make sure their decisions reflect the needs of all citizens. The positions taken by presidents in international forums represent the stands of their citizens. Therefore, presidents are mandated to address issues that affect the lives of all citizens in all corners of their countries and not just a handful of those that belong to their political parties (Tan 2011). Presidents are electe d by political parties, but this does not give them the power to address issues that affect their members only. A president is a national figure and thus must look at things from a non political perspective to ensure the needs of their citizens are addressed. There is the need for presidential advisory teams to ensure their presidents avoid issues that portray political interests. This will help presidents to make non-partisan decisions that will improve the lives of all citizens. Congressional decision making is to the needs of their members. There is no independency in congressional decision making. In addition, members of the congress make decisions that are limited to their areas of jurisdiction and this includes constituencies and political parties (Tan 2011). Members of parliament represent individuals of specific regions and thus they may not have the power to make decisions that do not affect their people. This means that the power of a member of parliament is limited to the areas an individual represents. This explains why not all members of parliament are usually present when making some decisions. They do not see the need to attend sessions that are of insignificant value to their constituents. In addition, the decision made by a congress may not affect all regions. However, presidential decisions affect the lives of all citizens irrespective of their locations. Therefore, congressional decisions are limited in scope and do not affect the entire country like how the presidential one does. Challenges Presidential decision making faces serious challenges due to the nature of this position. First, most people perceive the decisions of this office to represent the interest of political parties that won presidential elections (Norburn 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, there are criticisms that face this office because people do not understand that presidents are national figures and do not represent their political parties while in office. Political parties that win presidential elections face criticism when their presidents make decisions that may be perceived to have vested interests (Tan 2011). On the other hand, congressional decisions do not face a lot of criticisms because people understand that they represent the interests of different groups like political parties and constituencies. Members of parliament do not make independent decisions and this means that there are no chances of criticisms from their political parties or constituents. Therefore, they do not expect negative responses from those they represent. In addition, presidential decision making is influenced by opinion polls and interest groups. This means that presidents may make decisions that do not reflect their thoughts, but address the needs of the public. Opinio n polls and interest groups are very influential in determining the decisions that presidents make and thus they rely on the mind of their citizens to make resolutions. Therefore, the decisions made by presidents cannot be said to be totally independent from any external forces; in fact the public determines and shapes the thoughts of its presidents (Tan 2011). A president who makes unpopular decisions may face demonstrators supported by interest groups. Presidential and congressional decision making determines the future of office bearers in different positions. People judge the performance of presidents and members of parliament, depending on the importance and nature of the decisions they make. Those willing to retain their seats in future elections must make decisions that make their constituents happy even if they do not have any economic or social value. It is necessary to explain that political decision makers have an uncertain future because they are judged depending on thei r contributions in formulating policies (Stone 2013). Therefore, they are sometimes forced to make decisions that make no sense provided their constituents and political parties are happy. It is necessary to explain that the electorate has the power of influencing both presidential and congressional decisions. However, presidents serving their second terms and congressmen that do not wish to be reelected ignore the demands of their people because they are of no value to them. Therefore, they do not mind what their people will think about them and this motivates these members to make decisions that they think are suitable or represent their interests (Stone 2013). Presidents face serious challenges when they make decisions that may affect their political parties. Political parties that produce presidents expect them to favor their members or interests regardless of their consequences on the public. Therefore, they think that presidents will listen and follow their advice even if they are wrong; however, this is usually not the case as most presidents ignore the political aspects when making decisions (Tan 2011). Most congressmen and presidents are usually accused of dictatorship and betrayal when they fail to obey the orders issued by their political parties. Some issues presented by political parties aim at frustrating opponents and promoting their interests and presidents usually ignore such moves and this makes them to be perceived to be dictators. Lastly, both the presidential and congressional decision making processes face the risk of rejection due to political interference (Reuer 2011). Politics play significant roles in determining the fate of bills and other policies. The concept and application of democratic rights of political parties and individuals have been misused to interfere with the processes of making decisions by institutions or people. People think that their opinions should be given preference to those of others because democracy dictates so. Political parties misuse their constitutional right and force ruling parties to experience serious challenges that interfere with the implementation of their manifestos (Spillane 2014). Presidents face serious challenges from opposition parties that rarely approve of their decisions. They think that they must oppose all decisions and actions of the ruling party and this slows down the process of decision making. There are chances that nations that think they are democratic rarely make decisions on time due to interference from political parties and individuals aligned to the opposition. Effectiveness The effectiveness of the presidential decision making process is determined by various factors. First, presidents or heads of states have constitutional rights of making some decisions including appointment of public office bearers and commanding key military bodies to undertake operations. The congress has no power over this issue and this makes the president to have control over o ther decision making organs in a country. Presidents have the right to ensure that there is security in their countries and that people enjoy their lives (Reuer 2011). Therefore, he can make decisions that affect the lives of citizens in all regions regardless of what congressmen think about them. However, some decisions cannot be made by presidents without consultation or approval from other bodies like the houses of representatives. For instance, the American president cannot command the military to attack other nations or conduct their operations there if he does not have the approval from the upper and lower houses of representatives (Shulman 2006). This means that in this case the president has no power of making independent decisions. Therefore, there are some decisions that the president cannot make without the approval of these houses while others do not require their consent. The congress has a constitutional right of discussing important issues that affect a country and ma king decisions that ensure citizens live secure, healthy and affordable life. This body has the responsibility of passing bills and making sure that necessary amendments are made to make laws appropriate for the promotion of human life and development (Reuer 2011). The congress does not need the support of a president when making laws and this means that it is independent from his or her influence. However, the president must approve all bills passed by members of parliament before they become laws. The bills will be returned to the house for further debate and amendments if the president refuses to approve it. The above discussions show that the presidential and congressional decision making processes are not independent and each body relies on the support of the other to function properly. However, it is necessary to understand that not all issues require the approval of the other department to survive (Tan 2011). The congress may have more power over the president when it comes t o issues of impeachment when a president makes repeated mistakes. Therefore, there are instances where these parties have equal influence over others, but sometimes they function independently. Outcomes Presidential and congressional decision making produces both bad and good outcomes. The presidential decision making process aims at establishing appropriate ways of ensuring citizens get access to quality public service. This includes unrestricted access to justice, security, education and proper medical services. There is the need to explain that presidents are in charge of their countries and thus anything that happens to their citizens (regardless of their political inclinations) falls on their shoulders (Subhash 2009). Therefore, they make decisions that do not portray political inclinations because they are supposed to be national representatives. Presidential advisors help presidents to make decisions that will attract approval from members of public and civil groups. This mea ns that they ensure presidents are not influenced by personal or political interests when making national decisions. This makes their decisions to be effective in ensuring people have access to quality services from civil servants and public offices (Reuer 2011). Therefore, the presidential decision making process is effective if it addresses national issues without political interference. On the other hand, it is likely that a presidential decision making process may not be effective. First, this process centers power to an individual and thus there are possibilities that the person may not make appropriate decisions due to lack of consultation and debates (Subhash 2009). The process may be influenced by limited knowledge and experience on various issues and this may make a president to make decisions that lack professional understanding. In addition, some presidents do not like following advises from other people or institutions because they think that they know better than others . Therefore, they make irrational decisions that expose their countries to ridicule and lower the ratings of their performance. Congressional decision making is a complicated process because it requires consultation and debates. There are higher chances that congressional decision making processes can produce good outcomes because they involve debates and consultations. Therefore, appropriate measures are taken before decisions are made and this helps the public to get quality services (Reuer 2011). In addition, this process takes a lot of time before decisions are made. This gives decision makers the time to revise their presentation and evaluate the effectiveness of their policies. However, this process may not be suitable in producing good outcomes because members present the interests of their political parties and constituents. The interests of any of these may not be appropriate in promoting national development. Congress men have used this process to express their political i nterests and frustrate their opponents. In addition, the success of any decisions determined by the support it gets from the members of various bodies; therefore, it is not a democratic way of making decisions and its outcomes may have negative impacts on citizens (Stone 2013). The congressional decision making process is more effective than the presidential one since it has higher chances of producing the expected outcomes. In addition, it represents the views of ordinary citizens and political parties and not individuals. Current Measures The congressional decision making process is expected to improve due to the introduction of civil and social awareness in parliaments. It is necessary to explain that traditionally most parliamentarians did not know their roles and how to execute various policies to ensure the interests of their people are addressed (Pomeranz 1998). The need to ensure congressmen pass appropriate bills and make good decisions will improve because of the introduct ion of training programs that will help these members to understand the impacts of their actions on ordinary citizens. This has helped them to differentiate political and national issues and minimized irrelevant debate and bills in parliament. Nations are struggling to equip their parliaments with modern technology to ensure communication between the public and congressmen is improved. The presidential decision making process is undergoing tremendous changes to ensure the president makes rational decisions. Most presidents listen to their advisory bodies and consult relevant departments before making decisions (Shulman 2006). This ensures the interest of the public is given the first priority over that of an individual or political party. In addition, presidents have realized that their positions as public figures means that they must ensure their citizens live better lives and have access to what they need. This means that they have ignored their personal and political partyâ€℠¢s influences when making decisions. Recommendations There is the need for a congressional decision making process to take a shorter time than what is happening in most parliaments. Bills should be discussed and approved within a short and reasonable time to avoid piling pressure on members of parliament. In addition, congressional decision making processes should be independent of any political interests to ensure there is objectivity in discussions. Moreover, the veto power of the president should be minimized to ensure the congress is not arm-twisted to make irrational decisions. Lastly, there should be guidelines to guide the contribution of members in the congress to ensure all members are allowed to present their views. There is the need for the presidential decision making process to involve other stakeholders before making conclusions. Presidents should not be allowed to make independent decisions without consulting stakeholders. The time for issuing presidential decrees and resolutions should be increased to ensure there is proper consolation and evaluation of the decisions made before the public is informed about them. Conclusion Presidential decision refers to the decrees, actions, orders, suggestions and recommendations made by a head of state. Presidents are allowed to make independent decisions that affect the lives of their citizens provided they abide by the regulations of their constitutions. A congressional decision refers to the resolutions passed in either the lower or upper house of representatives. These decisions are made after members of these houses conduct debates to evaluate the impacts and importance of issues that affect the lives of ordinary citizens. The presidential and congressional decisions affect the lives of ordinary citizens and thus the people responsible for them must ensure they put the interests of the public before self. References Norburn, D 2007, ‘A Four Nation of the Relationship between Presidential and Cong ressional decision making processes’, Journal of International Politics, 21(4), pp. 451-468. Pomeranz, F 1998, ‘Corporate Governance: Opportunity for Institutions and individuals’,  The Journal of Political Management, 7(3), pp. 25-29. Reuer, J 2011, ‘Managing in the Turbulent Political World: Presidential and Congressional decision making’, Journal of International Politics, 30, pp. 219-222. Shulman, R 2006, ‘Corporate Treatment of Political Decisions, Journal of International  Politics, 14(2), pp. 83-88. Spillane, C 2014, ‘The challenges of political decision making processes in America’,  Businessweek, 6(12), pp. 5-13. Stone, B 2013, ‘An introduction to decision making in modern political governance’,  Journal of International Politics, 11(21), pp. 11-12. Subhash, K 2009, ‘Political economy and decision making processes’, Journal of  International Politics, 12(2), pp. 113-129. Tan, W 2011, â⠂¬ËœPolitics and Corporate Governance, Investment and Firm Valuation in Asian Emerging Markets’, Journal of International Management and Accounting, 22 (3), pp. 246-273. This essay on Presidential and Congressional Decision Making was written and submitted by user Jed1d1ah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Charles Dickens and Great Expectations Essay

Charles Dickens and Great Expectations Essay Charles Dickens and Great Expectations Essay Liana Miles Mrs. Walden British Literature 3/28/2013 I came across great expectations by accident; there was an excerpt from it in our British literature book. The excerpt was very interesting and when I saw it on the list my mind wanted more. This research paper will be about the life and works of the author of Great Expectations, Charles Dickens. Charles Dickens was born Charles John Huffam Dickens, born on February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth, on the southern coast of England, Dickens had seven other siblings. His father, John Dickens, was a naval clerk who wanted to be rich and his mother, Elizabeth Barrow was a teacher and school director. In 1822, when Charles was ten, his family moved to Camden Town, a neighborhood in London. During this time Charles experienced one of the most difficult times of his life John Dickens, his father, was sent to jail because he was always in debt. In result Charles had to be taken out of school and put to work as a shoe polisher to help his family get extra money. This gave him experiences that made h is writings of poverty interesting and real. A few months later Dickens’s father got out of prison and Charles was able to continue his education. At fifteen his education ended and he worked as an office boy at an attorney’s and studied when it was night time. After that he worked as a reporter for the courts, a parliamentary, and a newspaper reporter. The first theme I noticed in great expectations was self-improvement. In Great Expectations, the main characters Philip Pirrip referred to as, â€Å"Pip† is ambitious in self improvement. Pip is very hard on himself when he does something that goes against his thoughts and beliefs. Dickens expresses the theme as he writes about how Pip helps the escaped convicts by stealing, food, alcohol, and a saw for them and how guilty and afraid he felt after hid did it. Also when Pip leaves for London he troubles his mind with thoughts

4 Tips for Stand-Out Carnegie Mellon Essays

4 Tips for Stand-Out Carnegie Mellon Essays SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Carnegie Mellon is ranked among the top 25 universities in the nation, so you’ll need to have an impressive application- with stand-out essays, of course!- in order to get admitted. Applicants must submita total of four Carnegie Mellon essays,three of which comprise the Carnegie Mellon supplement. Keep reading to learn what the current Carnegie Mellon essay prompts are, what topics you could write about, and what qualities make for a great Carnegie Mellon essay. Feature Image: Mathieu Thouvenin/Flickr What Are the Carnegie Mellon Essay Prompts? In addition to thepersonal statement you must write for the Common App (for which you get to select one out of seven possible prompts), Carnegie Mellon requires all applicants to submit three supplemental essays; theseessays make up the Carnegie Mellon Supplement. Applicants are not allowed to submit other supplemental materials with their applications, such as websites, artwork, or resumes. (Note that the only exception to this is ifyou’re applying to a school that requires additional materials, such as the School of Architecture.) Each essay may be up to 300 words long, making them a little shorter than your typical personal statement for college, which is usually around 500-600 words. So what are the Carnegie Mellon essay prompts? Let’s take a look: "When we‘re connected to others, we become better people," said Carnegie Mellon University‘s Randy Pausch, author of The Last Lecture. At Carnegie Mellon you‘ll have the opportunity to collaborate with a diverse community of scholars, artists and innovators. Given the students, faculty, staff and resources that have been available to you as a student, how have you collaborated with others, in or out of the classroom? Or, what lessons have you learned from working with others in the past, that might shape your experience in the future? Most students choose their intended major or area of study based on a passion or inspiration that’s developed over time- what passion or inspiration led you to choose this area of study? Consider your application as a whole. What do you personally want to emphasize about your application for the admission committee’s consideration? Highlight something that’s important to you or something you haven’t had a chance to share. Tell us, don’t show us (no websites please). As you can see, each Carnegie Mellon essay you must write will focus on something different about yourself.Specifically, you must explain the following in your essays: For Essay 1, how you have collaborated with others (on projects) For Essay 2, what you plan to major in and why For Essay 3, something you want to emphasize about yourself How should you write each Carnegie Mellon essay? We give you specific tips next. All Carnegie Mellon Essay Prompts, Analyzed In this section, we’ll go over the three Carnegie Mellon essay prompts in detail, giving you key tips so you can ensure your essays stand out from the rest of the crowd. Carnegie Mellon Essay 1: A Collaborative Experience "When we‘re connected to others, we become better people," said Carnegie Mellon University‘s Randy Pausch, author of The Last Lecture. At Carnegie Mellon you‘ll have the opportunity to collaborate with a diverse community of scholars, artists and innovators. Given the students, faculty, staff and resources that have been available to you as a student, how have you collaborated with others, in or out of the classroom? Or, what lessons have you learned from working with others in the past, that might shape your experience in the future? This first Carnegie Mellon essay prompt might appear complicated, but let’s try to break it down. What is this prompt really asking you to do? The first part of the prompt is explaining Carnegie Mellon’s diversity and ongoing commitment to fostering collaborative environments.Clearly, Carnegie Mellon strongly values teamwork and students' abilities to work well with others in order to produce interesting, successful projects. The second part of the prompt is the question (or rather the questions), which we can divide into three major ideas: Have you ever collaborated with others (such as students, teachers, etc.) on something? What did you learn about yourself from this experience? What kind of role do you think this experience play in your future? The first step to answering this prompt is to come up withone specific experience you want to write about.Here are some examples of potential topics: A group project you did for school, what role you played in that project, and what you gained from the experience. For example, did you delegate roles? Take charge to ensure everything was completed on time? Fix a major problem that almost compromised your project? A team sport you play or used to play. Was there a specific time you led others to success? Or maybe your team struggled to get along and you came up with a solution to get everyone to work together. A volunteer effort you worked on with others.Perhaps you assisted with a winter holiday food drive or raised money for a children's charity. What did this experience teach you about collaboration? A group task you must do for a part-time job. For instance, maybe you work at a video game store and must take turns with your co-workers in stocking new games and helping customers. Has this experience had an effect on how you approach or view teamwork? This is a great essay in which toemphasize your leadership skills if you assumed some sort of leadership role in a group project or activity. If you didn’t take on a leadership role, that’s totally OK- just focus on what role you did play on the team you were part of and explain what this experience taught you about working together to accomplish a shared goal. Another thing to remember is to be as specific as possible.Don’t be afraid to use people’s names and delve into your feelings about the project or activity you did with others. For example, maybe the experience you're writing about was a challenge in the beginning- maybe your group couldn't agree on a science project to do for the school science fair. However, onceyou had everyone write down their project ideas and share them with one another, your group was at last able to decide on a project idea. As a final tip for this essay prompt,be clear about how this experience has affected you and might impact your future (at Carnegie Mellon).Maybe that experience working on the group science project taught you the importance of giving everyone a say in the brainstorming process, so you’ll ensure this happens with any group projects you work on at Carnegie Mellon, too. Carnegie Mellon Essay 2: Your Intended Major Most students choose their intended major or area of study based on a passion or inspiration that’s developed over time- what passion or inspiration led you to choose this area of study? Though it might look a little wordy, all this Carnegie Mellon essay prompt is really asking is, "Why this major?"More specifically,this prompt wants you to relate the intellectual path you've taken by explaining the experiences, people, and/or events that have led you to want to major in this particular field. By far the most effective way to answer this prompt is to tell a compelling story about how you came to be interested in your intended major.Think about the most important moments from your life that showcase your love of what you want to study, and then write about those. For example, say you plan to major in musical composition.You could start off by recounting the first time you tried to write a piece of music on your family’s piano and how hard it was. However, you really enjoyed the process of creating something new. This prompted you toenroll in weekly piano lessons; you also continued to compose piano pieces in your spare time. As a sophomore, you decided to enteryour school’s talent show and ended up winning with a musical piece you’d composed. While you don’t need to stick to chronological order, using this organization ensures your essay is easy to follow and clearly illustrates how you progressed from someone who knew nothing about the field to someone now highly devoted to it. In addition, be sure to focus on not only how you became interested in your major but also how this journey of discovering your passion has affected you and your goals.For example, perhaps you want to major in architecture because you hope to use your skills to encourage eco-friendly living and therefore combat the effects of climate change. It’s also a good idea to mention, explicitly or implicitly, how Carnegie Mellon will help you accomplish your goals in your intended field.You could talk briefly about a particular faculty member in your field whom you hope to work with, an expensive piece of equipment offered at Carnegie Mellon, or specific professional opportunities available to students. Finally, be careful not to exaggerate.Don’t say you suddenly developed an interest in literature after reading The Great Gatsby for English class if you actually loathed the book or had a passion for literature well before then. It’s OK if there wasn't one single moment in your life that made you realize this major was the right one for you.Instead of acting as though some particular incident was more significant than it actually was, just focus on the overall journey you took to get to the point you’re at now- that is, the major you’ve chosen to pursue. What defines you? Carnegie Mellon Essay 3: Something Important About You Consider your application as a whole. What do you personally want to emphasize about your application for the admission committee’s consideration? Highlight something that’s important to you or something you haven’t had a chance to share. Tell us, don’t show us (no websites please). This essay prompt is the most open ended of the three and a great opportunity to really dig into any important attributes of yourself that you feel you didn’t get to write enough about or at all in other parts of your application. Did you write about something in another essay, such as the one you wrote for the Common App, that you wish to talk about more here?Do you want to write about something that’s important to you and that you haven’t had a chance to elaborate on yet? Your topics are pretty endless here- just make sure whatever you write about for this essay is revealing something important that you think the admissions committee should know about you. This could be a specific personality trait- maybe you want to emphasize your leadership skills by talking about your role as team leader at the local youth club- or something about your life that’s had a major impact on how you see yourself and your future. Here are some topics you could write about (but don’t feel limited by these suggestions!): A specific incident that holds importance for you, and what it taught you about your academic and/or professional interests, your goals, your personality, etc. Someone you know who has impacted you in a significant way, and how that person has specifically influenced your interests and/or goals An explanation for something that negatively impacted your grades or another part of your application- for example, perhapsyou spent a lot of time taking care of a sick relative during your sophomore year of high school, which caused your grades to dip slightly A particular interest, passion, hobby, or skill you have, and what you've gained, either intellectually or emotionally, from it Once again,don’t try to write about what you think the CMU admissions committee wants to read- be honest about what’s important to you and why.If you volunteered somewhere a few times but didn’t enjoy it or gain anything valuable from it, do not write about it here! Similarly,don’t be afraid to focus on something seemingly mundane. Just besure you’re using the topic you choose- even if it’s pretty commonplace- to ultimately reveal something important about you. So, no, it'sprobably not a good idea to write about how you spend hours on Instagram every day, since this hobby isn’t really revealing anything significant about you, your goals, or your personal growth. 2 Real Carnegie Mellon Essay Examples + Analysis In order to write a great Carnegie Mellon essay, it helps to see what kinds of essays actually got applicants accepted to this prestigious university. Here, we give youtwo real Carnegie Mellon essay examples we found online and explain what makes them successful. Note: This year’s Carnegie Mellon essay prompts are new, so the following essays are in response to older prompts with different word limits. Despite these differences, being able to see the kinds of stories successful applicants have told should give you a clear sense of what topics, details, and styles might work well for your own Carnegie Mellon admissions essays! Carnegie Mellon Essay Example 1 This first of the two Carnegie Mellon essay examples comes from the college essays website Essays That Worked.The essay is quite long- more than 650 words!- and was written in response to the following (old) supplemental Carnegie Mellon essay prompt: Why Carnegie Mellon University? And now here's the essay: As a child who hid behind her parents and never uttered a word whenever strangers were near, I was no stranger to people deeming me shy. As I got older, however, I found my voice more comfortably through music, through art, and through writing. Playing Mozart’s Violin Concerto in the Kennedy Center, for instance, unleashed a swell of emotions through the intricate art of storytelling with my violin. I was drawn to writing stories and sharing ideas with my peers, starting my editor career in fifth grade. Five years later, I co-founded my high school’s literary magazine, Muses, which provides a platform for all voices while fostering connections among students. I was twelve years old when an HTML class through Johns Hopkins University’s Center for Talented Youth program introduced me to a modern language of communication: computers and the internet. Falling in love with coding and website design, I utilized my newfound knowledge to design a website for my National History Day project, which won the school competition. In high school, I joined programming club, took the rigorous computer science classes, and designed Muses’ website. This year, I created a conceptual online boutique store, which won first place in Maryland Future Business Leader Association’s E-business competitive event. In the summer of 2016, I interned in an NCI melanoma research lab. This experience completely changed how I viewed the importance of technology to modern communication. We had obtained genotypes from thousands of melanoma patients and controls, but a new question arose: how could we extract the useful information from a massive data file, akin to finding a needle in a haystack? Under the guidance of a bioinformatician, I performed an association test between melanoma associated variants and survival outcome to identify the risk loci that might affect patient survival. Catering to the needs of the scientists, I wrote an app by R code that organizes and manages melanoma genotype information; extracting the information of a particular genotype and its association with melanoma was now a couple clicks away. From this work, I learned how to translate large data into solutions, while using the correct data format and data structure. I realized that modern technology not only helps us commu nicate more efficiently, but also provides a system upon which we can solve global problems. With a strong background in computer science and communications, I hope to incorporate both into a future career of building data systems, conducting research, and consulting for organizations that serve underrepresented citizens. One project I want to tackle is the modification of social media algorithms so that media created by minorities and/or for minorities will appear on users’ radars. The algorithm would analyze the user’s demographics and deliver news relevant to those traits, such as discoveries about Asian health issues showing up on Asian users’ feeds. Carnegie Mellon’s encouragement of interdisciplinary studies under the Information Systems major would allow me to accomplish this and so much more. As someone who attacks calculus and creative writing with equal enthusiasm, IS’ objective of providing students with a broad background in the humanities and sciences is very appealing. As someone who learned to work as a team in a research lab , I believe CMU’s emphasis on collaboration and student innovation would push me to further improve my teamwork and problem-solving skills. In particular, I hope to take advantage of CMU’s Technology Consulting in the Global Community program, receiving guidance from both CMU’s renowned faculty and international technology experts. To that end, the Social and Decision Sciences major, my second choice, would also prepare me to utilize similar decision-making and analysis skills to solve social problems. We live in a world where communication through technology connects communities across the globe, more so than ever before. The future of exploration and innovation requires us to develop efficient ways of communication- we need a combination of scientific expertise and knowledge grounded in the humanities to accurately convey ideas, solve problems, and make the planet a better home for us all. An education at Carnegie Mellon would propel me in this endeavor. Here’s why this Carnegie Mellon essay works so well: It has an honest, compelling narrative that flows well. This applicant begins by explaining how they've always been considered shy yet how, through various endeavors in fields such as writing, communication, and technology, they've managed to transcend this assumption. This story is raw and honest, and it highlights the applicant's most notable accomplishments in an appropriate and relevant manner. It’s extremely specific. The applicant uses concrete details to explain their background and why Carnegie Mellon is an ideal fit for their goals and interests. In addition, the essay makes note of specific qualities of CMU, from its "encouragement of interdisciplinary studies" to its Technology Consulting in the Global Community program, giving us a clear indication of why the applicant is so interested in attending this school. Concrete details are essential for a good Carnegie Mellon essay. Carnegie Mellon Essay Example 2 This second Carnegie Mellon essay example comes from the website Free Test Prep (now called BWS Education Consulting) and is, like the essay above, quite long at about 600 words- that’s double the current word limit. It was written in response to the following (old) Carnegie Mellon essay prompt: Please submit a one-page, single-spaced essay that explains why you have chosen Carnegie Mellon and your particular major(s), department(s) or program(s). This essay should include the reasons why you’ve chosen the major(s), any goals or relevant work plans and any other information you would like us to know. If you are applying to more than one college or program, please mention each college or program you are applying to. Because our admission committees review applicants by college and programs, your essay can impact our final decision. Please do not exceed one page for this essay. Here is the essay: What would be best for me? I spent a lot of time trying to find colleges to apply to and Carnegie Mellon made the list. I believe it would be essential for me to attend a research university. I want to be able to know that what I am working on (research, experiments, etc.) is current, ground-breaking, game-changing. I want to feel that what I’m doing matters. I’ve spent years in elementary and middle school only to discover that my achievements (and no, I don’t only mean my perfect attendance awards) did not grandfather in for the rest of my academic life. High school did not care whether I attended elementary regularly or about any of my pre-secondary school achievements. College applications only want to know what I have done throughout these past four years. I feel that Carnegie Mellon will provide me with an environment that will let me grow and change as the world is growing and changing. What I do here will matter and carry on to whatever graduate school I may be at or whatever career path I choose to tread. In the International Baccalaureate (IB) program, one can choose from several Higher Level (HL) courses to fulfill the three required. My campus chose to make English and History mandatory HL’s. I chose to take HL Psychology as my third. This focused two-year class has revealed my interest in psychology as a lifelong study and future career. I have always been interested in human behaviors, how and why people make their decisions, how both internal and external factors can and do influence everyday life. As this class has progressed, I have found myself enjoying these studies more and more. I have been very successful in this class and want to apply the knowledge and skills I have learned to real-world situations. Psychology HL requires students to complete two experiments, one in our junior year and one in our senior year. Additionally, we complete an Internal Assessment (IA) of the experiment done early senior year. My group had to create an experiment based on three past studies and go through the process of analyzing the validity of our results after performing the experiment on student participants. We tested the effect of researcher expectations on participant performance, using the studies of Rosenthal and Jacobson (1966); Stangor, Carr, and Kiang (1998); and Crisson, Seta, and Seta (1989). The objective of this project was to reflect on what we did, how it was done, and what could have been improved on. Although we had to accept our null hypothesis, that researcher expectations had little or no effect on participant performance, we were able to understand what went askew and know what to correct so we could improve the performance, given the opportunity to do it again. I found performi ng the experiments live exciting; I had to be wary of creating bias or unconsciously affecting others. It made me become more analytical; more understanding of the fact that many factors can influence behavior and more understanding of my own role in affecting others. I’m applying to Carnegie Mellon into the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences. I believe that my two years in HL Psychology have prepared me well for whatever is demanded of me. I hope to take advantage of all the programs available at Dietrich College, such as the HSS Academic Advisory Center and HSS Career Connections. I expect to thrive during these next four years, prepared enough to head on into graduate school for a PhD in Psychology. Here’s why this Carnegie Mellon essay works so well: It’s tightly focused. This essay centers on the applicant's desire to study psychology, a topic that is made clear quickly and acts as the focal point throughout the essay. We learn that the applicant initially developed an interest in psychology through their high school's IB Program and that they intend to eventually get a PhD in the field. It goes into significant detail about a specific incident. In order to showcase their passion for psychology, this applicant wrote a detailed description of an experiment they conducted, what they learned from it, and how this knowledge will allow them to succeed at CMU. 4 Tips for a Great Carnegie Mellon Essay As you now know, you’ll need to write three essays for the Carnegie Mellon supplement.Here are some general tips to keep in mind as you begin to work on each Carnegie Mellon essay. #1: Use Highly Specific Details Don’t rely on catch-all phrases to get your points across in your essays. Instead, try to think of real, concrete examples you can use. Specific details will make each Carnegie Mellon essay you write (and your application as a whole!) stand apart from others; it also proves to the admissions committee that you know what kinds of opportunities are available to you at Carnegie Mellon. #2: Avoid Exaggeration- Be Yourself! Many students think they need to write about topics that sound "impressive," but this isn’t actually what admissions committees want.What they really want is to learn more about who you are, what you sound like naturally (on paper, of course), and what you value in life. This is why it’s so important for you to clearly channel your voice in your writing.For example, it’s OK to tell a joke or focus on a lighthearted topic if you would describe yourself as a comedian. Just make sure that, no matter what kind of topic you choose or how you write,you're ultimately making a bigger, important point about yourself- one that ideally emphasizes essential facets of your personality, your experiences, and/or your ambitions. #3: Don’t Repeat Anything You’ve Written for Your Common App Essay Carnegie Mellon requires all applicants to submit the Common App essay in addition to the three essays described above, so you’ll want to ensurethere’s not too much overlap between them. While it’s OK to elaborate on a specific topic or point that you briefly mentioned in another essay, don’t end up writing about the same experience more than once. The point of these essays is to showcase various aspects of your personality and life, and you won’t succeed if all you’re doing is repeating yourself in each Carnegie Mellon essay! Repetition: good for making pretty patterns, bad for college essays. #4: Edit, Polish, and Proofread Our final tip is to take a lot of time to edit, polish, and proofread each Carnegie Mellon essay you write.Look over each essay multiple times to catch typos and other technical errors, such as grammatical problems, and spelling mistakes. You should also be on the lookout for the following problems: Any inconsistencies in style, tone, voice, tense, etc. Any areas that are unclear, vague, or awkwardly worded or placed Any irrelevant details or descriptions that don’t add anything important Once you've edited and changed your essays a few times, give them to someone you trust, such as a teacher, mentor, or parent, and have that person offer feedback on how you could improve your writing. Here are some key questions to ask this person to think about as they edit your essay: Is the topic/theme effective and appropriate for a college essay? Does the essay sound as though you wrote it (and not someone else)? Does the voice sound like your authentic voice? Does the overall organization make sense? Is there a story, and does it flow well? Does the structure successfully get the main point across? Are the details specific and relevant? With all these tips in mind, you should definitely be able to write a great Carnegie Mellon essay! What’s Next? You'll need to use the Common App if you're applying to Carnegie Mellon. Get tips on how to write a great Common App essay with our expert guide. Thinking of applying to other great schools likePrinceton, Brown, or Columbia? Then be sure to check out our guides to learn how you can write amazing essays for these schools' supplements. Learn more about Carnegie Mellon's admission requirements by visiting its school page in our extensive database. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now: